Two divergent paths of the arab spring are clearly visible today. Nationalism in the arab spring expression, effects on transitions, and implications for the middle east state a comparative analysis of egypt and libya by danielle bella ellison yale university department of political science senior essay plsc 419. This article presents a critical account of libyas incipient. The gaddafi archives libya before the arab spring view gallery an exhibition of photographs, documents and artefacts from the human rights watch archive paints a portrait of libya in the four decades prior to the arab spring. For detailed coverage of the arab spring in individual countries, see jasmine revolution tunisia, egypt uprising of 2011, yemen uprising of 201112, libya revolt of. Libya arab spring libguides at university of illinois.
Libya s gdp per capita, human development index, and literacy rate were better than in egypt and tunisia, whose arab spring revolutions preceded the outbreak of protests in libya. By early march the democratic protest movement had transformed into a civil war. If this experiment collapses then the rise of another gaddafistyle strongman or the permanent fragmentation of the country between its east and west are likely to be its longest lasting legacy. In bahrain, the protests began demanding a constitutional rather than an absolute monarchy.
Arab spring, which emerged in tunisia and spread to egypt, libya. When the arab spring began, tunisia had an established infrastructure and a lower level of petty corruption than did other states, such as libya. The arab spring has been possible because of the people, not because of any forces in the west. This pdf document is a list of the arabic materials that are available at the university of illinois in regards to libyas role in the arab spring. Libya revolt of 2011, popular uprising in libya inspired by the arab spring revolutions in egypt and tunisia. Libya s arab spring was a bloody affair, ending with the killing of gaddafi, one of the worlds most ruthless dictators. Analysis of the arab spring 3 blunders in state response, in particular using a heavyhanded approach and trying to crush opposition, had the reverse effect of galvanising more people to join the protests icg, 2011b and 2011d. Gramsci and other marxists place civil society outside the power structures of. Aug 22, 2011 the arab spring has been possible because of the people, not because of any forces in the west. Mar 03, 2020 this pdf document is a list of the arabic materials that are available at the university of illinois in regards to libyas role in the arab spring. Libyans for the time being are aiming to achieve democratic rule, but they are faced with the reality that the bloody struggle that destroying the dictator has also destroyed all law enforcement. Causes of the arab spring causes of the arab spring may be described as following. Keywords united nations, human rights, military intervention, peace restoration, arab countries, democracy. While the issues in the mediterranean center around domestic reforms and to some extent the implications for the middle east peace process, the issues of the gulf theater center on.
The arab spring and climate change center for american. Thi s researc h articl e attempts to scrutinize the nature and cause s of the ara b uprising s which too k people by surpris e globall y throughou t 2011 and int o 2012. From revolution to civil war 78 zones and does not tightly define civil war versus other intrastate conflict. Libyas arab spring sage journals sage publications. Irans role in the arab spring of libya, by iakovos. Causes of the libyan revolution and the arab spring.
This thesis explores several dimensions of domestic and international politics related to the arab spring. The arab spring has fundamentally altered the middle east and north africa mena. Libya, tunisia and the arab spring jason william boose international journal of social science and humanity, vol. Libya, after joining the arab spring and ridding itself of one of the most vicious dictators of the 20 th century is a country seeking a fresh start. Arab spring libya 360 libya after moammar gaddafi the washington post. T he events that began in tunisia in january 2011 and spread to egypt and then libya, jordan, morocco, bahrain, syria, and. One of the primary influences that have been highlighted in the analysis of the arab spring is the relative strength or weakness of a societys formal and informal institutions prior to the revolts. They want an end to the dictatorship and political freedom. In july 2012 a report was published by the united states institute of peace based on an extensive content analysis of bit. Libya arab spring libguides at university of illinois at.
His death saw the rebel militias turn on each other in a mosaic of turf. Arab spring affected countries suffered even more due to the 2008 economic crisis. What quickly distinguished libya from the rest of the arab world was the brutality of the dictators counter attack and the response of the protesters. Libya and the arab spring on 15 february 2011, demonstrations in the city of benghazi took place against longtime leader colonel muammar gaddafi before quickly developing into an armed uprising. From revolution to civil war, which discusses various forms of advanced communication and the crossnational interconnectedness they promote. Illegal migration in libya after the arab spring middle. At the same time, the outside world has heard relatively little of what is going on in bahrain when compared with other arab countries such as egypt, libya, syria, and tunisia. The economic consequences of the arab spring by mohsin khan atlantic council rafik hariri center for the middle east the popular uprisings that swept the middle east in early 2011 dramatically altered the political landscape of the region with the overthrow of autocratic regimes in egypt, libya, tunisia, and yemen. The regional revolution saw regime change in tunisia, egypt, and yemen, and civil wars in libya and, at the time of writing this, ongoing in syria. The arab spring of discontent einternational relations. The roots and causes of the 2011 arab uprisings kamal eldin osman salih abstract. Libya arab spring libguides at university of illinois at urbana.
The armed forces played a decisive role in many of the arab uprisings, particularly the early ones. Arguments for american intervention in foreign conflicts are often accompanied by comparisons with the 1994 genocide in rwanda, and reminders that this violence could have been stopped if only the western countries had intervened. The common slogan of the protesters throughout arab spring was the people want to bring down the regime aissa, 2012. Bahrain, egypt, libya, syria, tunisia and yemen ibish, 2012. For detailed coverage of the arab spring in individual countries, see jasmine revolution tunisia, egypt uprising of 2011, yemen uprising of 201112, libya revolt of 2011, and syria uprising of 201112. The armed forces played a decisive role in many of the arab. This booklet examines two incidents of the arab spring. This pdf document is a list of the arabic materials that are available at the university of illinois in regards to libya s role in the arab spring. Pdf the arab spring, us intervention in libya, and the. Oct 21, 2011 two divergent paths of the arab spring are clearly visible today. Pdf analysis and background of the arab spring in libya. Ricardo rene laremont, demographic, economics, and technology. Such state of affairs requires careful reading and reaction from the international. In libya, a sclerotic, violent and dictatorial regime fought it out to the bitter end, long after it knew it was all over.
Demystifying the arab spring parsing the differences between tunisia, egypt, and libya lisa anderson in tunisia, protesters escalated calls for the restoration of the countrys suspended constitution. Demonstrators expressing political and economic grievances faced violent crackdowns by their countries security forces. A bumpy road ahead pdf by hassan hakimian, director of the london middle east institute and reader, economics department, soas underscores the underlying importance of the economic conditions facing the new republics, such as egypt and tunisia, which are emerging as a result of the arab spring. So far the demands of the protesters in every arab country are limited. Feb 16, 2015 libyas arab spring was a bloody affair, ending with the killing of gaddafi, one of the worlds most ruthless dictators.
Pdf arab spring as a background of civil war in syria. Causes, consequences, and implications if, one day, a people desire to live, then fate will answer their call. And their night will then begin to fade, and their chains break and fall. Now, research is emerging that reexamines in a more detailed way the role that social media played in the arab uprisings. If the mediterranean theater of the arab spring tunisia, egypt, libya and syria has been the main focus of events, the gulf theater is no less important. Causes, consequences, and perspectives foreword this paper is an extended summary of a panel discussion with rami khouri on the topic of the arab uprisings auses, onsequences, and perspectives.
The arab spring uprisings of 2011 triggered a wide set of social movements and regime change across the middle east and north. Libya the death of dictator first protests in libya started on january 2011 but mass uprisings began in the city of benghazi on 15 february 2011. The economics of the arab spring and its aftermath world bank. This upheaval elevated the maghrebs importance globally, including for the united states and gulf arab statesthe saudi arabia, the united arab emirates, and qatar in particular. Arab spring, libyan winter, however, seems to take the better part of such articles their ability to respond immediately to current events, such as the recent tumultuous year in the middle east and add the kind of detailed analysis that you can only get in monograph form. Feb 17, 2018 a political solution appears to remain out of reach for libya seven years after muammar gaddafis toppling. The country is grappling with civil war, humanitarian crises and the threat from isil.
The arab spring and climate change is a title that will still strike many readers as a very strange juxtaposition. Among the unsuccessful uprisings for political reform in the socalled arab spring is that of bahrain. Meanwhile, egyptians rose in revolt as strikes across the country brought daily life to a halt and toppled the government. The subject headings are linked to the university of illinois library so that you may find the materials easily. A comparative analysis of the post arab uprisings period in egypt, tunisia and libya. Qaddafi was a very strongheaded dictator and somehow he managed to bring everyone against him during the arab spring of libya. We debate whether todays wartorn libya can be blamed on the legacy of colonel gaddafis 42 years in power. The wuir editorial board entitled, development of conflict in arab spring libya and syria.
The regime of muammar alqaddafi, however, violently resisted the uprising, leading to civil war and international military intervention. In syria, most activists originally called only for legal reforms, but more and more have. Mar 05, 2015 libyas chaos among arab springs failures cnn. However the emphasis is on the libyan arab spring and the toppling of the libyan dictator muammar qaddafi in 2011. The role of social media in the arab uprisings pew. Briefly after the revolution, libya experienced a period of calm before it was plunged yet again into another conflict. Arab spring used their powers vehemently to crush the demonstrators and consequently the peaceful protesters also became violent.
Demystifying the arab spring uc san diego social sciences. It began in response to oppressive regimes and a low standard of living, starting with protests in tunisia noueihed, 2011. Analysis and background of the arab spring in libya article pdf available in european researcher 3912. The arab spring of oman and the arab spring of libya. But as the contents of this volume make clear, it describes the interplay of factors that will demand an increasing amount of our attention going forward.
The arab spring which first broke out in tunisia and disseminated to many countries in the arab world has become one of the most actual topics of the international political agenda in the recent years. The first stand or the last post for the responsibility to protect. Arab spring revisitedthe battle for democracy in egypt the economist duration. The arab spring was a series of prodemocracy uprisings that enveloped several largely muslim countries, including tunisia, morocco, syria, libya, egypt and. Libya following the arab spring remains a work in progress. Arab spring has been regarded as an arab phenomenon from the outset, explanations that are given of the arab spring have been ad hoc and are not representative of the entire arab world. A political solution appears to remain out of reach for libya seven years after muammar gaddafis toppling. The libyan revolution and the arab spring april 3, 2011. The arab spring countriesegypt, libya, syria, tunisia, and the republic of yemenare the developing. The 20102011 arab spring caused upheaval in north africas maghreb region, which comprises morocco, algeria, tunisia, and libya.